Les sources de Ras Al-Ain sont parmi les sources Crétacé les plus importantes. Elles sont caractérisées par un débit élevé d’environ 45 m³/s, la continuité et la régularité du débit tout au long de l'année. Elles sont à l’origine de la rivière de al- Khabur qui représentait la principale source d'eau pour l’irrigation et l’eau potable pour la région de Ras al-Ain et pour une grande partie du gouvernorat d'Al-Hasakah.

Entre 1984 et 1992, le nombre des puits dans la zone d’influence des sources de Ras al-Ain, dans le territoire syrien, a passé de 232 à 1’652 puits. La superficie irriguée est passée de 2’400 hectares à 34’265 hectares. Dans la période de 1992 à 2006, le nombre des puits a doublé, pour atteindre 2’391 puits qui irriguaient 44’550 hectares (Soumi et Daoud, 2010). Quant au côté turc, l’exploitation des eaux souterraines pour l’irrigation à partir de la zone d’alimentation des sources a également et simultanément considérablement augmenté.

Cette exploitation massive des eaux souterraines des deux côtés de la frontière a provoqué la baisse du niveau piézométrique de l’eau souterrain entrainant l’asséchement des sources au début de 2001 (Fig. 1) et des affaissements de la surface du sol. Actuellement la région subit un grave déficit en eau potable et cette situation a été aggravé suite au conflit syrien.

De plus, ces zones sont devenues une place d’accueil des déplacés. Ce qui a augmenté la demande en eau.

Objectif :

Etude hydrogéologique de la zone de Ras Al Ain – Tall Abayad cela pour évaluer les ressources en eau souterraine et montré l’évolution de ces dernières au cours de 50 années passées.

De manière plus précises :

• Faire une carte hydrogéologique à partir des cartes géologiques 1 :200000 et quelques coups passant par des endroits caractéristiques 
• Inventorier les sources principale (descriptions des sources, débit, qualité de l’eau, etc…)  
• Inventorier des forages les plus importants (profondeurs, charge hydraulique, coup hydrogéologique, qualité de l’eau,  ..)
• Rechercher les données sur l’affaissement du terrain en relation avec l’exploitation de l’eau, en principe, autour de Ras al Ain

Sources

1. Escwa, 2013, SHARED TRIBUTARIES OF THE EUPHRATES RIVER
2. Mehmet Öztana and Mark AxelrodSustainable, 2011, transboundary groundwater management under shifting political scenarios: the Ceylanpinar Aquifer and Turkey–Syria relations, Water International Vol. 36, No. 5, September 2011, 671–685,
3. Ramakh Suleiman Shakhin, 2009, Hydrodynamic Conditions and Karst Formation in the Northwest Part of Syria, Short communication.
4. Etude hydrogéologique préliminaire de cette région en cours actuellement à Geo Expertise (F. Zwahlen, A.  Haj Asaad)   

To submit your application, please send your CV and cover letter to : ahmed.haj.asaad@geoexpertise.org

Geo Expertise is a non-profit organization founded in 2010 and based in Geneva (Switzerland).
Geo Expertise is active in the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as an essential tool for decision making in the fields of natural resources management as well as in social and economic research and human rights monitoring.
Geo Expertise contributes to a variety of activities including:

• The collection of geo-referenced data and information relevant to decision making in the fields of activities mentioned above.
• Knowledge and data sharing to promote equity of access to services (health, education) and resources (water, etc), sustainable development, human rights and peace.

Geo Expertise’s team includes local, regional and international experts with various backgrounds: economics, geography, hydrogeology, geology, engineering, agriculture, environment, law, governance, international relations, conflict and peacebuilding.
Geo Expertise has partnerships with several research centers, universities, United Nations agencies and NGOs.
Geo Expertise is a member of the Swiss Water Partnership (SWP) and has the special consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

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This internship is unpaid, only a fee of 100 CHF (transportation fees) per month is attributed to the trainee.

To submit your application, please send your CV and cover letter to : ahmed.haj.asaad@geoexpertise.org